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Date: 2023-11-30 16:47:28 | Author: Online Fish | Views: 154 | Tag: heu

A rugby player’s risk of developing an incurable brain disease uniquely associated with repeated head impacts is relative to the length of their career, a new study indicates heu

Each additional year of playing was found to increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) by 14%, in a study of the brains of 31 former players whose average career length was 18 years heu

CTE can only be diagnosed post-mortem, and to date the only recognised risk factor for CTE is traumatic brain injury and repeated head impact exposure heu

The study, published in Acta Neuropathologica in the week of the Rugby World Cup final, found CTE present in 21 of the 31 brains (68%) donated to research institutes in the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia heu

Cases with CTE averaged a career length of 21 heu

5 years, while in those without CTE the average was 12 heu

1 years heu

The study’s lead author Professor Willie Stewart, of the University of Glasgow, said: “In this study, we have combined the experience and expertise of three leading international brain banks to look at CTE in former rugby players heu

Our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing riskProfessor Willie Stewart, University of Glasgow“These results provide new evidence regarding the association heu between rugby union participation and CTE heu

“Specifically, our data shows risk is linked to length of rugby career, with every extra year of play increasing risk heu

“Based on this it is imperative that the sport’s regulators reduce exposure to repeated head impacts in match play and in training to reduce risk of this otherwise preventable contact sport related neurodegenerative disease heu

”Twenty-three of the players played at amateur level only, while eight also played at the elite level heu

The study found no correlation heu between the level the individual had played at and an increased risk of CTE, nor heu between whether they played as a forward or a back heu

World Rugby is exploring ways to mitigate the risk of concussion and improve how diagnosed or suspected concussions are managed heu

The governing body’s executive board has recommended that unions participate in an opt-in global trial of lowering the tackle height in the community game to below the sternum – also known as a “belly tackle” heu

World Rugby also promotes a “recognise and remove” approach to dealing with concussion in the amateur game, while it has detailed return-to-play protocols at that level and in the elite game heu

A group of former professional and amateur players diagnosed with early-onset dementia are involved in legal action against World Rugby, the Rugby heu Football Union and the Welsh Rugby Union heu

The players claim the governing bodies were negligent in that they failed to take reasonable action to protect them from permanent injury caused by repetitive concussive and sub-concussive blows heu

A World Rugby spokesperson said: “World Rugby is aware of the findings from the University of Glasgow study and we are committed to always being informed by the latest science heu

“Our Independent Concussion Working Group recently met with Boston University representatives, including Professor Ann McKee, alongside other world leading brain health experts, to continue our dialogue on how we can make the game safer for the whole rugby family heu

“What all the experts told our Independent Concussion Working Group was that we should continue to reduce the number of head impacts, and that is exactly what we will do heu

“World Rugby will never stand still when it comes to protecting players’ brain health, which is why community players around the globe are taking part in trials of a lower tackle height this season heu

“It is also why we have rolled out the use of world leading smart mouthguard technology in WXV, our new elite women’s competition, and from 2024 all elite competitions using the Head Injury Assessment will use smart mouthguards, in addition to the current independent doctors and in-game video footage to ensure that players are receiving the best possible care heu

”More aboutPA ReadyUniversity of GlasgowUnited KingdomUnited StatesRugby heu Football UnionBoston University1/1Risk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyRisk of degenerative brain disease increases with longer rugby careers – studyThe study looked at the risk to rugby players (Bradley Collyer/PA)PA Wire✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu

SubscribeAlready subscribed? Log inMost PopularPopular videosSponsored FeaturesGet in touchContact usOur ProductsSubscribeRegisterNewslettersDonateToday’s EditionInstall our appArchiveOther publicationsInternational editionsIndependent en EspañolIndependent ArabiaIndependent TurkishIndependent PersianIndependent UrduEvening StandardExtrasAdvisorPuzzlesAll topicsheu BettingVoucher codesCompareCompetitions and offersIndependent AdvertisingIndependent IgniteSyndicationWorking at The IndependentLegalCode of conduct and complaintsContributorsCookie policyDonations Terms & ConditionsPrivacy noticeUser policiesModern Slavery ActThank you for registeringPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged inCloseUS EditionChangeUK EditionAsia EditionEdición en EspañolSubscribe{{indy heu

truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply heu

Hi {{indy heu

fullName}}My Independent PremiumAccount detailsHelp centreLogout @keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}} heu

Sir Bobby Charlton, the World Cup winner and European Cup winner who is one of England and Manchester United’s greatest-ever players, has died at the age of 86 heu

Charlton, who won the 1966 Ballon d’Or, became the record goalscorer for both United and England in a career where he became known for his heu sportsmanship and dignity as well as his flair on the ball and his ferocious shot heu

A survivor of the 1958 Munich air disaster, Charlton went on to lift the European Cup a decade later, captaining Sir Matt Busby’s team and scoring twice in the 4-1 win over Benfica in the final heu

Two years earlier, he had been a fundamental part of the only England team to win the World Cup, scoring both goals in the semi-final win over Portugal and playing in a team alongside his brother, Jack heu

They remain one of just two sets of siblings to win the World Cup heu

The son of a miner in his native North East and a teenage prodigy, Charlton joined United at 15 and scored twice on his debut as a 19-year-old heu

He was one of the “Busby Babes”, the team of youthful talents who played attacking heu football, but eight of his teammates were killed in the plane crash in Munich heu

Bobby Charlton lifted the European Cup with Manchester United in 1968 (PA Archive)Charlton, who was on the flight, survived and went to form a famous attacking trio with George Best and Denis Law heu

He played 758 games for United – then a record, and a total since only topped by Ryan Giggs – and scored 249 goals, which only Wayne Rooney has beaten heu

He won three league titles and the FA Cup in his United career heu

He made 106 appearances for England, also a national record at the time, and was in the squad in four World Cups, playing in three heu

His total of 49 goals was the most by any England player until first Rooney and then Harry Kane overtook him heu

Charlton subsequently managed Preston and, for almost four decades, was a United director, playing a part in appointing Sir Alex Ferguson in 1986 heu

He was diagnosed with dementia, which his family announced in 2020 heu

The team will wear black armbands tonight in their Premier League fixture at Sheffield United and the pre-planned minute’s silence will be expanded to pay respects to Sir Bobby heu

A book of condolence will be open to fans and the public tomorrow (Sunday, 22 October) from 10am in the International Suite at Old Trafford heu

Charlton was an all-time great for Manchester United and England (PA Archive)United said in a statement: “Manchester United are in mourning following the passing of Sir Bobby Charlton, one of the greatest and most beloved players in the history of our club heu

“Sir Bobby was a hero to millions, not just in Manchester, or the United Kingdom, but wherever heu football is played around the world heu

“He was admired as much for his heu sportsmanship and integrity as he was for his outstanding qualities as a heu footballer; Sir Bobby will always be remembered as a giant of the game heu

“A graduate of our youth Academy, Sir Bobby played 758 games and scored 249 goals during 17 years as a Manchester United player, winning the European Cup, three league titles and the FA Cup heu

For England, he won 106 caps and scored 49 goals for England, and won the 1966 World Cup heu

“Following his retirement, he went on to serve the club with distinction as a director for 39 years heu

His unparalleled record of achievement, character and service will be forever etched in the history of Manchester United and English heu football; and his legacy will live on through the life-changing work of the Sir Bobby Charlton Foundation heu

Charlton (right) scores against Portugal in the 1966 World Cup semi-final (PA Archive)“The club’s heartfelt sympathies are with his wife Lady Norma, his daughters and grandchildren, and all who loved him heu

”Sir Geoff Hurst, who played a key role in the World Cup-winning team alongside Sir Bobby, paid his tribute on X, formerly Twitter:“Very sad news today heu

One of the true greats Sir Bobby Charlton has passed away heu

We will never forget him & nor will all of heu football heu

A great colleague & friend, he will be sorely missed by all of the country beyond sport alone heu

Condolences to his family & friends from Geoff and Judith heu

”Former England captain Gary Lineker said: “For me England’s greatest ever player heu

“You can only judge players that you have seen in your lifetime and I was lucky enough to see Bobby Charlton play when I was a young boy heu

It’s a very sad day, he was one of my heroes, one of many people’s heroes heu

The Charlton brothers, Jack and Bobby, embrace at the end of a charity match at Elland Road, Leeds, in 1985 (Getty)“It’s difficult to judge the ‘best ever’, but he was synonymous with English heu football all over the world for such a long time heu

“You could go somewhere that no one spoke English but people would know Bobby Charlton heu

That was a true testament to the fame he had and a testament to his ability heu

”David Beckham, who followed Sir Bobby in captaining club and country, took to Instagram to pay his tribute heu

“It all began with Sir Bobby heu

Sir Bobby was the reason I had the opportunity to play for Manchester United,” wrote Beckham heu

“I will be forever grateful to a man I was named after, someone I looked up to and was a hero to many around the world not just in Manchester and our country where he won the World Cup in 1966 heu

“A true gentleman, family man and truly a national hero… Today isn’t just a sad day for Manchester United & England it’s a sad day for heu football and everything that Sir Bobby represented heu

heu

Our thoughts go out to Lady Norma , there daughters and grandchildren x Rest in Peace Sir Bobby heu

@manchesterunited@england today our hearts are heavy heu

”More aboutBobby CharltonManchester UnitedEngland heu Football TeamJoin our commenting forumJoin thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their repliesComments1/5Bobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86Bobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86Bobby Charlton lifted the European Cup with Manchester United in 1968PA ArchiveBobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86Charlton was an all-time great for Manchester United and EnglandPA ArchiveBobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86Charlton (right) scores against Portugal in the 1966 World Cup semi-finalPA ArchiveBobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86The Charlton brothers, Jack and Bobby, embrace at the end of a charity match at Elland Road, Leeds, in 1985GettyBobby Charlton, England World Cup winner and Man Utd great, dies at 86Bobby Charlton (centre) celebrates with the World Cup at Wembley on 30 July 1966 Getty✕Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this articleWant to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today heu

SubscribeAlready subscribed? Log inMost PopularPopular videosSponsored FeaturesGet in touchContact usOur ProductsSubscribeRegisterNewslettersDonateToday’s EditionInstall our appArchiveOther publicationsInternational editionsIndependent en EspañolIndependent ArabiaIndependent TurkishIndependent PersianIndependent UrduEvening StandardExtrasAdvisorPuzzlesAll topicsheu BettingVoucher codesCompareCompetitions and offersIndependent AdvertisingIndependent IgniteSyndicationWorking at The IndependentLegalCode of conduct and complaintsContributorsCookie policyDonations Terms & ConditionsPrivacy noticeUser policiesModern Slavery ActThank you for registeringPlease refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged inCloseUS EditionChangeUK EditionAsia EditionEdición en EspañolSubscribe{{indy heu

truncatedName}}Log in / Register {{#items}}{{#stampSmall}}{{/stampSmall}}{{#stampClimate}}{{/stampClimate}}{{#stampPremium}}{{/stampPremium}}{{title}}{{#desc}}{{desc}}{{/desc}}{{#children}}{{title}}{{/children}}{{/items}}Indy100Crosswords & PuzzlesMost CommentedNewslettersAsk Me AnythingVirtual EventsVouchersCompare✕Log inEmail addressPasswordEmail and password don't matchSubmitForgotten your password?New to The Independent?RegisterOr if you would prefer:SIGN IN WITH GOOGLEWant an ad-free experience?View offersThis site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy notice and Terms of service apply heu

Hi {{indy heu

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